Describe the major fields of study that contribute to environmental science

Environmental Sciences is a multidisciplinary academic field that integrates biological, physical and information sciences for the study of the environment and solutions to environmental problems. These sciences include physics, ecology, zoology, biology, chemistry, mineralogy, oceanography, geology, soil sciences, atmosphere sciences and geography. The environmental sciences emerged from the fields of natural history and medicine. Today, they allow an integrated, quantitative and interdisciplinary approach to the study of environmental systems.

Related areas of study include environmental studies and environmental engineering. Environmental studies integrate social sciences to understand human relations, perceptions and policies regarding the environment. Environmental engineering focuses on design and technology designed to improve the quality of the environment. Environmental problems almost always include the interaction of physical, chemical and biological processes. Environmental scientists work on topics such as understanding ground processes, assessing alternative energy systems, controlling and mitigating pollution, managing natural resources and the effects of global warming, applying systemic analyzes to environmental problems.

Environmental sciences became an active field of scientific research in the 1960s and 1970s, due to the need for a multidisciplinary approach to analyzing complex environmental problems, the emergence of various environmental laws requiring specific research protocols, and increasing public awareness. the need for action to solve environmental problems.

the generally accepted parts of modern cell theory include: all known living things are made up of one or more cells. all living cells arise from pre-existing cells by division. the cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms.

interphase

the period of cell growth when the cell synthesizes new molecules and organelles. the cell is not dividing and it constitutes the majority of the time spent in the cell cycle

prophase

changes occur in the nucleus and cytoplasm. the chromatin condenses to form structures (sister chromatids) visible with a light microscope and the mitotic spindle begins to form, but the nucleus is still in tact

prometaphase

the nuclear envelope fragments and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the sister chromatids

metaphase

all the cell's duplicated chromosomes are lined up at an imaginary plane equidistant between the poles of the mitotic spindle

anaphase

begins when sister chromatids separate from each other and ending when a complete set of daughter chromosomes arrives at each of the two poles of the cell

telophase

the daughter nuclei form at the two poles of a cell

cytokinesis

the division of a cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells. usually occurs during telophase during mitosis. this and mitosis make up to mitotic (m) phase of the cell cycle