Prior to the industrial revolution, increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide were attributed to changes in
both the sun's intensity and earth's orbit around the sun, as well as volcanic eruptions. during the last 2,000 years
earth's climate has been relatively stable. scientists have identified three changes from this stability: the medieval
warm period, 900 - 1300 ad; the little ice age, 1500 - 1850 ad; and most recently, post-industrial revolution

hydroxyl -oh

alcohols, always polar, can form hydrogen bonds with h2o molecules

carboxyl -cooh  

cargoxylic acids, has acidic properties which is a source of hydrogen ions, found in cells in ionized for with a charge of oh-1

carbonyl > co

ketone if within skeleton, aldehyde if group is at the end of skeleton, k & a may be structural isomers, it determines 2 sugars (ketose & aldose)

amino -nh2

amines, acts as a base, it can pick up h+ ions from surrounding solution, ionized with charge of 1+

methyl ch2

addition to rna/dna affects and gene expression

phosphate -opo3 ²⁻

organic phosphates, contributes to negative charge to, molecule that it is a part of, and potential to react with h20

sulfhydryl -sh

thiols, cross-linking stabilize the protein, and it is structure

d) center of the mid-ocean ridge

give brainleysest

sinserly,

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