Deductive reasoning does not need to consider variables true of false

What would be the most likely result if the ph of the stomach were increased to 5

Animals such as pronghorn antelope, bison ans badgers dot to the landscape. where are these animals located?

How much time has elapsed from the very beginning of "the memior of the conquistador bernal diaz del castillo" to the end? a. castillo's whole life b. a quarter of an hour c. a few weeks d. a decade