Which of the following cellular components is considered an endotoxin that is harmless as long as the pathogen remains intact but when released by a lysed cell overstimulates host defenses, which may result in a lethal endotoxic shock? choose one: a. periplasmic proteins b. the cell wall c. lipopolysaccharides d. inner membrane phospholipids

C. Lipopolysaccharides

Explanation:

The lipopolysaccharides present in the outer membrane of cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria are released when the microbial cell lyses and hence, are called an endotoxin.

The lipid A of lipopolysaccharide is responsible for systemic responses such as fever, clotting of blood, weakness, inflammation, etc. Lipopolysaccharide induces the macrophages of host to release pyrogens such as cytokine interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor, etc. The overall effect is sepsis and reduced blood pressure, that is the septic shock.

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c

explanation: