Which of the following is not true for polyclonal antibodies?
a. they contain a mixture of antibodies
b. they are raised against purified proteins
c. they can be used to detect targets that differ in only a single antigenic determinant
d. the amounts of antibodies in a polyclonal preparation may vary from one batch to another

B. They are raised against purified proteins

Explanation:

Polyclonal antibodies are those produced as a result of an immune response to an antigen, which generally involves the activation of multiple B cells, all of which address a specific epitope on that antigen. These antibodies are characterized by having different epitope specificities and affinities. Polyclonal antibodies can be obtained from the serum of immunized animals when the antigen of interest stimulates B lymphocytes to produce a diverse range of immunoglobulin specific for that antigen. Such antibodies can be used to detect targets that differ only in a single antigenic determinant and their amount originates from a polyclonal preparation that varies from batch to batch.

As stated earlier, these antibodies are made to be used against antigens and not against a purified protein.

events in order:

1.       vishnu schist

2. zoroaster granite

3. bass limestone

4. hakatar   shale

5. igneous intrusion

6. shinumo quartzite

7. dox sandstone

8. tapeats limestone

9. bright angel shale

10. muav limestone

11. temple butte limestone

12. redwall limestone  

nonconformity

answer: the unkar group shows angular unconformity because the layers are turned at angle.

unconformity

answer: specifically the angular unconformity occurs between the cambrian and precambrian rocks. the dox sandstone, shinumo quartzite, hakatar shale, and bass limestone have been filled. an angular unconformity occurs between the cambrian and precambrian rocks. the dox sandstone, shinumo quartzite, hakatar shale, and bass limestone have been filled.

disconformity

answer: the disconformities aremarked irregular lines between the sedimentaryrocks layers.