Iq tests are said to have "reifled" intelligence; this means that iq tests
a. are a valid way to measure a person's inborn intelligence
b. have provided a way of finally understanding the nature of intelligence
c. gender-base (females generally score higher than males)
d. is cultural (iq exams often reveal differences in the cultural backgrounds of differences in actual intelligence)

a. are a valid way to measure a person's inborn intelligence

Explanation:

IQ testing is an important tool for measuring an individual's innate intellectual abilities, as long as its content is not limited to just one area of knowledge. Cognitive ability is related to hereditary and cultural characteristics that can be inherited or developed throughout life. Over the years, experts have developed techniques for measuring individual intellect.

The tool is used to obtain an intelligence indicator for different purposes. Following the original idea of the test, its application may be necessary to identify children with attention deficit or who are in a more advanced learning process than other students.

The IQ test is also used to diagnose issues related to an individual's behavior and conduct, and to support a job selection process.

the answer that best describes the relative refractory period in the neuron is the resting membrane potential is restored, but concentrations of sodium and potassium are not restored to their original state.

the refractory period is the time during which another stimulus given to the neuron will not lead to a second potential. thus, because na+ channels are inactivated during this time, additional depolarizing stimuli do not lead to new action potentials.  

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