How is atp created in photosynthesis?
a. from the formation of a h+ gradient
b. from the diffusion of h+
c. from the energy of the electron
d. a and b
e. a, b and c

The correct answer is option e, that is, a, b and c.  

Explanation:

The phenomenon by which green plants and other species converts light energy into chemical energy is termed as photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, the energy of the light is captivated and is utilized to transform carbon dioxide, water, and minerals into oxygen and energy-rich organic components.  

With the transport of electron through the chloroplast membrane, the energy of the electron causes the diffusion of a hydrogen ion from stroma into the thylakoid lumen, which further leads to a formation of hydrogen ion concentration gradient. This gradient ultimately results in the formation of ATP.  

poor water quality affects most estuarine organisms, including commercially important fish and shellfish. the pollutants that have the greatest impact on the health of estuaries include toxic substances like chemicals and heavy metals, nutrient pollution (or eutrophication), and pathogens such as bacteria or viruses.

the statement is true