Observations of nature often produce questions about how nature works. a question is sometimes called a problem (or a problem statement). "what causes squid to produce ink? " is an example of a question (or problem). what is a problem?
it is something bad that should be fixed.
it is a question that you want to answer.
it is a guess that you make about natural phenomena.

many phylogenetic trees have a single lineage at the base representing a common ancestor. a lineage that evolved early from the root and remains unbranched is called basal taxon. when two lineages stem from the same branch point, they are called sister taxa.

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explanation:

both male and female gametes are produced by meiosis of the germ cells. therefore, both male and female gametes are haploid. one male and one female gamete unite during the fertilization to form the diploid zygote. in seed bearing plants, pollen grain is the male gametophyte, which produces sperm cells.

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