Practical electronics strongly favors binary representations for encoding information (two-state; 0 or 1). in dna, biology uses a quaternary representation of four different nucleobases (four-state; cytosine [c], guanine [g], adenine [a] or thymine [t]) to code for the amino acids with which all the proteins in our bodies are constructed. all proteins are long chemical chains assembled from 20 different types of amino acids. a) what is the minimum number of nucleobase "digits" required to code for the 20 different amino acids? (groups of nucleotides, each coding for a single amino acid in a protein chain, are called "codons" by biologists.) (hint: how many four-state "digits" are needed to represent 20 unique things? )

Agenus is a taxonomic grouping that identifies a collection of species. when a scientist discovers a new species, how is this species assigned to a genus

Guinea pig coat color is determined by a single gene. the allele for black coat color is dominant to brown. in a cross between twoblack-haired guinea pigs, 20 offspring are born. if both parents were heterozygous, probability would predict that approximately howmany of the 20 offspring would have brown hair?

1. seamount a raised footwall block between normal fault creates this 2. syncline break between rocks where a hanging wall rises relative to a footwall 3. hot spring on rolling hills, this a dip between hills 4. volcanic neck created when a block with hanging walls slips down between normal faults 5. caldera underwater volcano that never reaches above sea level 6. horst natural hot water on earth's surface containing many minerals 7. graben underwater volcano whose top is eroded flat by waves 8. crater less than a mile in diameter; looks like a bowl at the top of a volcano 9. guyot magma that filled the central vent that remains after the volcano has eroded 10. reverse fault over 1 mile in diameter; looks like a bowl over a volcano