Answer the questions that follow for each stage of the cell cycle (g1, s, g2, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase). if necessary, use an arrow to indicate a change that occurs during a particular cell cycle stage (for example, 1→ 2 or yes → no). a. how many chromatids comprise each chromosome during this stage? b. is the nucleolus present? c. is the mitotic spindle organized? d. is the nuclear membrane present?

the answer is based on 46 chromosomes assuming humans.

G1.

Chromatids: 46 chromosomes/ 46 chromatid.

Nucleolus: yes. only disappears during mitosis( RNA synthesis is crucial for making proteins all the time)

Mitotic spindle: no. only appears during mitosis.

Nuclear membrane: yes. only disappears during mitosis.

S. DNA replication occurs.

Chromatids: 46 chromosome/ 92 chromatids

Nucleolus: yes

Mitotic spindle: no

Nuclear membrane: yes

G2

Chromatids: 46 chromosome/ 92 chromatids

Nucleolus: yes

Mitotic spindle: no

Nuclear membrane: yes

Prophase:

Chromatids: 46 chromosome/ 92 chromatids

Nucleolus: will disintegrate at the beginning of the phase.

Mitotic spindle: starts to arrange at the beginning of the phase.

Nuclear membrane: starts dissolving at the beginning of the phase.

metaphase, (chromosomes appear in the middle)

Chromatids: 46 chromosome/ 92 chromatids

Nucleolus: no

Mitotic spindle: arranges chromosomes in the middle.

Nuclear membrane: no

anaphase, sister chromatids split and move to either poles of the cell

Chromatids: 92 chromosome / 92 chromatids)

Nucleolus: no

Mitotic spindle: starts to disassemble during early telophase.  

Nuclear membrane: no

telophase at the end of telophase when the cytoplasm finally splits

Chromatids: 46 chromosome / 46 chromatids per cell

Nucleolus: yes

Mitotic spindle: starts to disassemble during early telophase.  

Nuclear membrane: will start to form at the end of telophase.

Remember that is a continuous process it has been named in 4 phases by humans to study it.

answer'(basidium)the spore--bearing structure of a basidiomycete is called a basidiocarp; ///

both anaerobic and aerobic respiration use glucose (or other carbohydrates), proteins and lipids to produce atp and nadh. cell uses those energy molecules, obtained from food and   breaks them down during the chemical reactions of respiration. in anaerobic respiration, nadh is regenerated to nad+ by enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (lactate is produced, e.g. in muscle cells) or by alcohol dehydrogenase where ethanol is produced (alcohol fermentation), while in aerobic respiration, electrons from nadh are deposited in the mitochondria to regenerate nad+ (electron transport chain. anaerobic respiration produces 2 atp per molecule of glucose compared to aerobic respiration where about 38 atp molecules are produced.