Explain how stem cells obtained from ivf leftovers and somatic cell nuclear transfers (scnt) differ in terms of the sources of their genomes.

In in-vitro fertilization, the oocytes from women were taken and inseminated with the donor sperm, post the process of insemination, the oocytes were fertilized successfully and were further allowed to develop into a blastocyst stage.  

From the blastocyst, the inner cell masses were extracted, which further produces stem cell lines. From leftover in-vitro fertilization, the extraction of single blastomere becomes very easy.  

In SCNT, the nucleus of a somatic cell is administered into the cytoplasm of an enucleated egg that then develops into a zygote and is then permitted to further give rise to a blastocyst stage.  

the most common type of reef is the fringing reef. this type of reef grows seaward directly from the shore. they form borders along the shoreline and surrounding islands.

the correct answer is 4) heat and pressure

metamorphic rocks arise from transformation of existing rocks types, in a process called metamorphism. during metamorphism the original rock(prolith) change into metamorphic rock by heating (150-200c) and pressure of more than 1000 bar. the original rock can be sedimentary, igneous, or existing metamorphic rock.