Es orcas, or killer whales, are natural predators of sea otters. it has been observed that in regions where the sea otters are not
present, sea urchins grow rapidly and destroy much of the natural kelp vegetation
which of these statements is correct in this context?
kelp is the keystone species because their survival is key to the survival of
the entire ecosystem.
sea otters cannot be considered the keystone species because they are not
the top predators in the ecosystem.
sea urchins are the keystone species because they multiply rapidly in the
absence of their natural predators,
sea otters are a keystone species as they prevent a herbivorous species
from completely destroying a plant species.
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interdependence of organisms

the father in the first generation probably had the recessive colorblind trait in his x chromosome. if he and his wife both had the colorblind trait, even if she had 1 recessive and 1 dominant, then that trait would be passed on to their kids.

(since you didn't attach the family tree this is just an assumption)

tsd is temerature dependent sex determination.

tsd: it is a type of environmental sex determination in which the temperature experienced during embryonic/ larval development (ambient temperature for development) determine the sex of the offspring.

crocodile displays the tsd where the ambient temperature of the developing egg determines the individual's sex. for example in the american alligator's eggs, incubation at 33 ºc produces mostly males, while incubation at 30 ºc produces mostly females. so if the american alligator's egg will get the ambient temperature (33 degree celcius)during embryonic development from egg, the offspring will be male and same for the female sex determination.

b. read the phase at the intersection of any given temperature and pressure.