How might a protein kinase select the correct residues
tophosphorylate given the availability of serine and
threonineresidues on the surface of globular proteins?

The flanking residues  facilitate recognition and specificity.

Explanation:

The kinase is able to to specifically phosphorylate serine and threonine due to the recognition of the flanking residues. Altogether, these form a consensus sequence across the substrate.

image result for describe the various types of gene mutationsghr.nlm.nih.gov

the types of mutations include: missense mutation: this type of mutation is a change in one dna base pair that results in the substitution of one amino acid for another in the protein made by a gene. nonsense mutation: a nonsense mutation is also a change in one dna base pair.

explanation:

the three components of a nucleotide are the nitrogenous base, the phosphate group and the five-carbon sugar.