Aresearcher claims that the incorporation of carbon dioxide into organic molecules during photosynthesis does not violate the second law of thermodynamics.
which of the following statements best justify the researcher's claim? & explain.
a) organisms contain enzymes that lower the activation energies of specific chemical reactions.
b)an ecosystem is formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their surrounding environment.
c) photosynthetic organisms use the organic molecules produced during photosynthesis for growth and repair
d) the total system that includes photosynthetic organisms in the sun becomes less ordered over time

The assumption that incorporation of carbon dioxide into plants during photosynthesis violates the second law of thermodynamics is wrong because the total system including the photosynthetic plants and the sun become less ordered by time.

Explanation:

According to second law of thermodynamics the total entropy  of a system can  never decrease with time.

The degree of randomness in a system is called entropy and the entropy of the universe always increases.  Thus if we can consider plants and sun to be a part of the system universe where entropy is always on the increase.

the two answers are a, the population of birds with large beaks will increase on the island, and c, the trait for large beaks will be passed on to future generations through natural selection. the reason for that is because if the birds that have beaks developed for eating small seeds lose all of their food, they will go hungry and eventually starve because they physically cannot eat the large seeds, therefore making the population of large beaked birds higher. also, if the trait of large beaks are dominant on the island over small beaks, then over time the large beaked birds will reproduce more and more, while the smaller beaked birds will reproduce less and less because they can't survive with the food provided. that leads to the trait of small beaks disappearing and the trait of large beaks taking over the island.