Many very distantly related species of birds (e. g., penguins, ostriches, flightless ducks, and rails) share the trait of flightlessness even though their ancient common ancestors were able to fly. this independent evolution of flightlessness in many distantly related taxa exemplifies what type(s) of evolutionary/phylogenetic patterns? (a) convergent evolution(b) evolutionary reversal(c) a homoplastic trait(d) a synapomorphic trait(e) a, b, and c

(E) a,b, and c

Explanation:

Flightlessness birds are distant, so this feature appeared different times in the phylogenic tree of the birds. This means, that this trait is not synapomorphic.  It is a result of convergent evolution in these species (penguins, ostriches, flightless ducks, and rails), probably as a consequence of similar environmental pressures or advantages. Also, it is a homoplasic trait because this feature has not a recent common ancestor to these species. Finally, it is an evolutionary reversal too because it is a trait that bird's ancestors had, but not the most immediate ancestor of these birds.

i think that c)gold was found there

but i am not sure

the oxygenated blood then leaves the lungs through pulmonary veins, which return it to the left heart, completing the pulmonary cycle. this blood then enters the left atrium, which pumps it through the mitral valve into the left ventricle. from the left ventricle, the blood passes through the aortic valve to the aorta.

deoxygenated blood leaves through the right ventricle through the pulmonary artery. from the right atrium, the blood is pumped through the tricuspid valve (or right atrioventricular valve), into the right ventricle.