Kathy, a neuroscience graduate student, is running the final experiments for her thesis, the effects of loud noise on auditory perception. kathy stimulates the auditory nerve of rodents exposed to loud noise and records the activity of neurons in the primary and secondary cortices. through which brain pathway is sound input processed prior to arriving at the primary and secondary cortices?

Medulla - midbrain - thalamus.

Explanation:

Ear is one of the most important sense organs of our body that enable the organism to hear different sounds. Ear also maintain the equilibrium of the body.

The auditory nerve of the rodents passes through the brain and affect the primary and secondary cortices. The loud noise disturbs the auditory perception. The sound input through sensory nerves moves to the medulla of the brain. From the medulla, sound passes to the midbrain and finally into the thalamus prior reaching at the primary and secondary cortices of the brain.

Thus, the answer is Medulla - midbrain - thalamus.

answer:

the water molecules are transferred from the roots to the stem or top parts of the tall tree because of important properties of water which are adhesion, cohesion and capillary action. cohesion is the property of water molecules keeps water molecules in a combined state by sharing of bonds between them at the atomic level. adhesion allows the interaction of water molecules with other substances or substrate. adhesion will cause the attachment of water molecules to the wall of the vessel (xylem) of the plant. capillary action occurs when the adhesive force to the vessel wall is stronger than the cohesive force between water molecules. capillary action mimics the transfer of water from a tube or pipe. in this way water utilizes its property to transfer water from down to top level of the plant.