Translation can be considered to have three phases or steps: initiation, protein synthesis, and termination. give a detailed summary of the factors and molecules involved with each step and, where appropriate, compare/contrast the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation.

Answer and Explanation:

Prokaryotic Translation :

Initiation :

First amino acid participating is f-methionine.Requires three initiation  components are , and Initiation complex framed at Shine-Dalgarno succession of mRNA.There is no concept of Kojak rule in prokaryotic.

Protein synthesis :

Faster process. Adds 20 amino acids per sec. mRNA is poly-cistronic. Occurs on 70S ribosome.

Termination :After translation, the formyl group of first formylated methionine is removed. Methionine is retained in the polypeptide chain

Eukaryotic Translation :

Initiation :

First amino acid taking part in translation if methionine.Requires a set of eleven initiation factors, named as eIFn.Initiation complex formed at 5’ end of mRNA.Kojak rule followed

Protein synthesis :

Slow process. Adds 1 amino acid per second.mRNA is mono-cistronic.  Occurs on 80S ribosome.

Termination :

Initiating methionine codon is removed from the polypeptide chain.