Which of the following membrane activities require energy from atp hydrolysis?
a) facilitated diffusion of chloride ions across the membrane through a chloride channel
b) movement of water into a cell
c) na⁺ ions moving out of a mammalian cell bathed in physiological saline
d) movement of glucose molecules into a bacterial cell from a medium containing a higher concentration of glucose than inside the cell
e) movement of carbon dioxide out of a paramecium

Select all the correct answers. which statements fail to meet the requirements of a scientific claim? a). in the final 100 meters of a 10,000-meter race, an athlete's speed is more strongly related to anaerobic efficiency than to aerobic efficiency. b). flowers that reflect the most ultraviolet light are more likely to attract bees and other pollinators than flowers that reflect less ultraviolet light. c). the evidence supporting newton's laws of motion was accurate in newton's time, but the universe operates differently today. d). even though evidence indicates that the solar system's planets follow elliptical paths, copernicus's model involving circular orbits is true.