The movement of ions across a membrane is dependent on both the membrane potential and the ion’s concentration gradient. this combination of electrical force and ion concentration is known as the electrochemical gradient. which of the following statements about membrane potential is false? a. membrane potential is the result of unequal distribution of cations and anions on opposite sides of the membrane. b. the charge of the cytoplasmic side of the membrane is positive relative to the extracellular side of the membrane. c. membrane potential allows for the passive transport of cations more often than anions. d. membrane potential is maintained by ion pumps.