Which of the following statements about wings is true?

(a) wings are ancestral in bats, but derived in birds.
(b) the common ancestor of birds and turtles most likely had wings.
(c) wings are an ideal characteristic to use when constructing a phylogenetic tree.
(d)the arrangement of bones in bird and bat wings (forelimbs) is a homology, but the presence of wings in birds and bats for flight is an analogy.
(e) wings evolved in the common ancestor of the sauropsids & mammals, but were subsequently lost in all groups except bats and birds.

Option (A), (B), (D) and (E).

Explanation:

Wings are present in class Aves that helps the birds to fly. Wings provides the means of locomotion and also allow the sexual selection in case of birds. The wings are the modified forelimb of birds.

The bats wings are ancestral whereas birds have derived wings. Birds and reptiles (turtle) mostly have ancestor with wings. On the basis of wings we cannot construct a phylogeny tree. Hence, wings are not the ideal characteristics for the construction of a phylogenetic tree.

Thus, the correct answer is option (A), (B), (D) and (E).

the speed increase from w to x due to increased gravity force

the speed decreases from x to y due to decrease in gravity