How did an individual family ties affect life in medieval african societies

the sugar-phosphate backbone forms the structural framework of nucleic acids, including dna and rna. this backbone is composed of alternating sugar and phosphate groups, and defines directionality of the molecule.

i would say it is

idk what the options are but

these is a strong electrostatic attraction between the ions hence a lot of energy is needed to overcome this attraction

this is why the boiling points are so high

the correct answer is 4) heat and pressure

metamorphic rocks arise from transformation of existing rocks types, in a process called metamorphism. during metamorphism the original rock(prolith) change into metamorphic rock by heating (150-200c) and pressure of more than 1000 bar. the original rock can be sedimentary, igneous, or existing metamorphic rock.