The image on the left shows a normal red blood cell, and the image on the right shows a cell that has been put into a new solution. the circles represent the salt in the solutions.

which statement describes the motion of the water molecules in this situation?

the water molecules move by active transport into the cell from low water concentration to high water concentration.
the water molecules move by osmosis into the cell from low water concentration to high water concentration.
the water molecules move by osmosis into the cell from high water concentration to low water concentration.
the water molecules move by active transport into the cell from high water concentration to low water concentration.

Why would a drug that damages capsids treat a viral infection? a. capsids prevent the lytic cycle from beginning. b. transduction requires a capsid. c. viruses use capsids to increase genetic variation. d. capsids provide protection for viruses.

According to the cladogram, which organisms have roundworms as a common ancestor?

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i.e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).