You are studying air pollution in new york city by documenting the abundance of lichens and the conditions likely to support them. what result are you likely to find?
- lichens are abundant in new york city due abundant substrates (buildings)
- lichens are not abundant due to lack of natural algae
- lichens are not abundant due to air pollution
- lichens are abundant due to warming action of buildings during winter

Lichens are not abundant due to air pollution

Explanation:

Lichens are the symbiotic association of photosynthetic algae and non-photosynthetic fungi. Lichens are indicators of air pollution as they cannot tolerate the pollutants present in the air and die off under polluted conditions. New York City is highly industrialized and a large number of vehicles emitting pollutants to the air. The presence of pollutants in the air of New York City would not support the growth of lichens. Therefore, the lichens would not be observed by the observer.

it has to be understood that the sea water contains a huge amount of sodium and chlorine ions and if they enter the cell of the atlantic cod fish, the cell will shrivel and the fish will die. to avoid such a condition, the fish uses active transport for the purpose of removing the ions against the gradient.

explanation:

the atlantic cod is not a maritime osmoconformer. its native application of salts is less than that of the seawater it lives in. it is continually falling water from the gills to the ocean via osmosis.

countering that, the fish is going to be swallowing seawater. but since its internal collection of salts is lower than seawater, the fish will want to go free of excess salt, and since that's going upon a gradient, then active transport, requiring energy, must be used to pump out the salt. much marine fish use the organs to filter out the salt and these fish discharge very straight urine.