When not part of a polypeptide, which of the following amino acids have the potential to participate in hydrogen bonding with water? choose all that apply.
a. alanine
b. arginine
c. leucine
d. lysine

Option b and d

Explanation:

When not part of a polypeptide, amino acids like Arginine and lysine which contains amino acids in active sites of their side chains can potentially take part in hydrogen bonding with water molecules.  

Other two amino acids in the options are Alanine and leucine  and these are hydrophobic amino acids.  

These amino acids contains in their side chains groups that  are non-polar and can't take part in hydrogen bonding with water or other polar entities.

d concave shape of wave rock

explanation:

the concave shape of wave rock is a very good evidence that supports the evolution of earth due to chemical weathering. if we talk about structure of   wave rock, studies have estimated that it is around 2.7 billion years old. it also serves as the foundation of evidence that it was the place where australian continent began to form.

how the structure of wave rock was created?

studies suggest that structure of wave rock was created when the surrounded area was started to weather due to which deposition of material started on the part of land which now contains wave rock.

the structure of wave rock is considered to be one of the best-known landforms in australia. at the height of around 15 cm, there can be found flared slopes which formulate the margins of hyden rock. it is now assumed by geologists that wave rock was created by subsurface water-induced weathering and not by glaciers, waves or wind.

due to deposition of material over the period of long time, the wave rock became tougher and tougher due to weathering from surrounding terrain. this makes it a physical evidence that supports   the evolution of earth due to chemical weathering.

hope it !