The soil atmosphere (gas) typically contains oxygen and carbon dioxide that the bulk atmosphere above the soil.
a. less oxygen and less carbon dioxide
b. less oxygen and more carbon dioxide
c. more oxygen and less carbon dioxide
d. more oxygen and more carbon dioxide

The correct answer is option B.  

Explanation:

The soil atmosphere contains oxygen and carbon dioxide both in a range of 0.4 to 21% however oxygen is replaced by the carbon dioxide. IN atmosphere the case is different in terms of oxygen as, oxygen is more and carbon dioxide is less, which is 21% and 0.36 respectively.

Oxygen is utilized by plant roots and also use by soil microbes through respiration and carbon dioxide released.

Thus, in the soil, the oxygen levels are less than atmospheric levels and the carbon dioxide levels are more than atmospheric levels.

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