Giant redwood trees have mortality in the stages of life. they therefore exhibit a survivorship curve.
a.
lower, early, type 1
b.
lower, early, type 3
c.
higher, older, type 1
d.
higher early, type 3

Option D. Giant redwood trees have higher mortality rate in the early stages of life. They therefore exhibit a type 3 survivorship curve.

Explanation:

Giant redwood trees are those organisms which have a high mortality rate when they are young but once survive and reach adulthood, they can survive very long for a full lifetime.

These features matches with survivorship curve type 3 especially with K-type organisms like the forest trees which have high mortality rate when young, struggle to survive, but upon maturity have low mortality rate and survives relatively longer into adulthood. This is because of early reproductive stages along with rapid development.

it has to be understood that the sea water contains a huge amount of sodium and chlorine ions and if they enter the cell of the atlantic cod fish, the cell will shrivel and the fish will die. to avoid such a condition, the fish uses active transport for the purpose of removing the ions against the gradient.

explanation:

the atlantic cod is not a maritime osmoconformer. its native application of salts is less than that of the seawater it lives in. it is continually falling water from the gills to the ocean via osmosis.

countering that, the fish is going to be swallowing seawater. but since its internal collection of salts is lower than seawater, the fish will want to go free of excess salt, and since that's going upon a gradient, then active transport, requiring energy, must be used to pump out the salt. much marine fish use the organs to filter out the salt and these fish discharge very straight urine.