Protein synthesis starts with the process of

Protein synthesis starts with the process of transcription and translation

Explanation:

Transcription

It is the first step in the protein synthesis during gene expression the nitrogenous base pairs  are copied or transcribed into mRNA (messenger RNA). The process of transcription take place in the nucleus and  it occurs in a sequential  manner.

The double helix DNA strands are unzipped by the breaking of H-Bonds between the nitrogenous base pairs.

This breakage of DNA strands is possible by the action of an  helicase enzyme  

The RNA polymerase enzyme binds to a strands of DNA in a non coding regions

The enzyme RNA polymerase travels along the DNA strand

H-bonds are formed when the free  nucleotides of RNA binds on the strands of DNA as a complementary base pairs.for the formation of a strand of  messenger RNA (mRNA)

Newly formed mRNA strand leaves the nuclear region and travels towards ribosomes

Translation:  

The newly formed mRNA strands travels via cytoplasm and bind to the ribosomes.

The three bases of mRNA the ribosomes adjoins one complementary molecule of tRNA. Each three bases of mRNA a codon

The ribosome receives a specific amino acids from a molecule of tRNA.Since there are 3 mRNA bases for each TRNA molecule they are termed as a triplet.

The tRNA molecule which transports a specific amino acid to the ribosome leaves to get another specific amino acid.

Likewise several hundred of amino acids are formed in a chain like manner  until the Original DNA is formed..The chain of amino acids called as a polypeptide chain.

To accomplish the process of translation the polypeptide  folded to form a shape and becomes a protein.

answer: - few nutrients

high pressure

low temperatures

explanation: 1. few nutrients:   open-ocean zone is located way far from the land, which is the main source of the essential nutrients.2. high pressure: pressure increases by 1 atmosphere for every 10 meters increase in depth.3. ample sunlight: a large fraction of the sunlight is reflected back to the atmosphere from the sea surface. 4. varying salinity: below the thermocline, the water is isolated from the atmosphere so the salinity remains stable over the year.5. low temperatures:   the temperature of open-ocean zone ranges from a low of -2°c to an average of 17°c