Succinate dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of succinate to fumarate. the reaction is inhibited by malonic acid, which resembles succinate but cannot be acted upon by succinate dehydrogenase. increasing the ratio of succinate to malonic acid reduces the inhibitory effect of malonic acid. what is the role of malonic acid with respect to succinate dehydrogenase? a) it is a competitive inhibitor. b) it blocks the binding of fumarate. c) it is a noncompetitive inhibitor. d) it is able to bind to succinate. e) it is an allosteric regulator.

the answer that best describes the relative refractory period in the neuron is the resting membrane potential is restored, but concentrations of sodium and potassium are not restored to their original state.

the refractory period is the time during which another stimulus given to the neuron will not lead to a second potential. thus, because na+ channels are inactivated during this time, additional depolarizing stimuli do not lead to new action potentials.  

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