The heavier elements on the earth (those with atomic numbers greater than 5) choose one: a. were formed immediately after the big bang. b. were in existence at the moment of the big bang. c. are constantly being created by fusion in our sun and blown here by the solar wind. d. are formed by stellar nucleosynthesis during the life cycles of existing stars.

Option D,  are formed by stellar nucleosynthesis during the life cycles of existing stars.

Explanation:

The light weight elements such as hydrogen, helium, lithium etc were formed during the Big Bang nucleosynthesis.  

Later on  further evolutions started in stellar object and stars that were heavier than sun underwent reactions in succesive stages of stellar evolution that converted light weight elements such as helium into carbon and oxygen. However, in more massive stars , elements like silicon and iron were produced.  

Hence, option D is correct

blue stars have the highest surface temp

stellar distances are usually expressed in light-years

the measure of a star's brightness is called magnitude

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