Assume you are performing a cross between a plant that is heterozygous for the dominant traits red flowers and wrinkled seeds, with a plant that is homozygous for the recessive traits white flowers and smooth seeds. assume the alleles are r for red flowers, r for white flowers, w for wrinkled seeds, and w for smooth seeds. the offspring of this cross show the following phenotypes: 

43 red flowers and wrinkled seeds

7 red flowers and smooth seeds

9 white flowers and wrinkled seeds

41 white flowers and smooth seeds

what are the traits of the recombinant offspring in terms of flower color and seed shape? explain how you know that these offspring are recombinant. what alleles would you expect to see in the individual chromosomes of each parent before and after crossing-over takes place? what is the recombination frequency? what is the distance between the genes in map units?

The traits of the recombinant offspring in terms of flower color and seed shape:

Red, smooth

White, wrinckled

These are recombinants because they are different with their parents. The genes are the same but they don't share the same alleles as parents.

The number of recombinants is always less than the number of parental types.

Genotype of parents: RrWw (red , wrinckled)

rrww (white , smooth)

after crossing over : Rrww

rrWw

(these two are the genotypes of recombinants)

recombination frequency = # recombinants / # total progeny

= 7+9 / 43+41+7+9 = 0.16

the genes are 16 m.u apart

1) gene flow

- it is described as the transfer of genes from one population to another population so that frequency of gene is increased.

-a zebra migrates to join a different herd of zebras.

2) natural selection

- a mechanism of evolutionary change in which individuals with advantageous traits survive and reproduce whereas the others ( those that can not adapt) eliminate from the population.

-competition for sunlight leads to taller trees.

3) mutation

- permanent change in the nucleotide sequence of dna ( genetic material) that could have harmful or useful consequences.

-the dna of a snake changes to make its venom stronger.

4) genetic drift - it is a random phenomenon ( that occurs by chance such as fire) that results in change in the gene frequency in a small population.    

-a grassfire randomly sweeps through a population of buffalo and kills most of the animals.

explanation:

✿   this landform has a high elevation and a high relief

✿   this landform is a mountain