Need to explain this to my 10yr

indicate how the air particles are distributed in the atmosphere and how the temperature changes from highest to lowest in the different layers of the atmosphere

                                   Earth's atmosphere has four layers namely Troposphere, Stratosphere , Mesosphere and Thermosphere where troposphere is nearest to the earth and thermosphere is farthest and temperature increases with increase in altitude of the layer of atmosphere. So, temperature is highest in thermosphere and lowest in troposphere. so the ascending order of temperature is Troposphere < Stratosphere < Mesosphere < Thermosphere.

Dry air contains 78.09% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.04% carbon dioxide, and  a small amounts of some other gases by volume. It also contains a varied amount of water vapor, around 1% at sea level, on average and 0.4% over the entire atmosphere.