Explain how the process of photosynthesis works in the light reaction and the dark reaction (calvin cycle)

Which is an advantage of having memory cells when a pathogen is encountered for a second time. a) the memory cells are what proliferate into clones of cells in response to the binding of an antigen. b) memory cells are vital to the primary immune response in that they immediately recognize pathogens even at the first encounter. c) memory cells are essentially effector cells that are short lived and attack antigens even without having a receptor specific to that antigen. d) it ensures that more lymphocytes with a receptor specific to a particular antigen will be present than in a host that had never encountered that pathogen.

Many farmers prefer cattle without horns because it is safer for their herds. the allele for no horns (n) is dominant to the allele for the presence of horns (n). a farmer mates a male with horns to a heterozygous female without horns. what is the chance that the offspring will have horns?

What does the positioning of transcription factors determine?