Which of the following factors affecting population growth is density independent?

a. natural disaster
b. predation
c. disease
d. competition

this protocol provides a detailed procedure for co-immunoprecipitation (co-ip) to identify protein–protein interactions.

c

explanation:

it would lead to upper respiratory infections and pneumonia.

ans.

dna fingerprinting is defined as a process that determines the dna characteristics of an individual. these dna characteristics are unique among individuals as their fingerprints, so it is known as dna fingerprinting.

steps of dna fingerprinting includes extraction of dna from sample, amplification of dna, restriction digestion of amplified dna, and then analysis of dna by gel electrophoresis, respectively.

thus, the next step performed by the scientist is 'to cut the amplified dna (obtained by polymerase chain reaction) by restriction enzymes that cleave the dna into fragments and their analysis.'