The process of the plasma membrane pumping excess sodium out of a cell into an environment where there is a lower concentration of sodium is called
question 9 options:

diffusion.

osmosis.

active transport.

coupled transport.

Active transport

Explanation:

The pumping of sodium ions out of the cell into the environment where there is a lower concentration is achieved through active transport. Active transport is the movement of molecules or ions against a concentration gradient across living cell membranes with the utilization of ATP. Active transport takes place through carries located in the membrane.

carbohydrates: (starches and sugars) composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

lipids: (fats, oils, and waxes) are made of carbon and hydrogen atoms.

nucleic acids: contain hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus. they are polymers of nucleotides. a nucleotide has three parts, a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate     (-po⬇️4) group, and a nitrogenous base.

proteins: made up of nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. they are polymers of amino acids.

the element that provides strength to the exoskeletons of clams and oysters is phosphorus.

this is so because calcium carbonate is the main component in the shells. calcium carbonate is strengthened by phosphorus.

explanation: