How will cold springs affect the rabbit population
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Cold springs kills rabbits

Explanation:

Cold spring causes decrease in the the rabbit population due to less availability of food supply, the rabbits remain less active, and even dies out of starvation. Hence it affects the rabbit population. There food are abundantly available only in early summer and spring. They reproduce in the spring as well.  In winter the activity of predators also decreased, this factor also adds up in reduction of rabbit population to some extent. They also fail to keep themselves warm.

you didn't give any options but heres what i can tell you: an inference is likely to change based on additional observations. the latter is something that you have seen or sensed using your sensory organs while the former is like a conclusion out from what you have observed.