In the same mouse species, a fourth unlinked gene (gene p/p) also affects fur color.
for mice that are either homozygous dominant (pp) or heterozygous (pp), the organism’s fur color is dictated by the other three genes (a/a, b/b, and c/c).
for mice that are homozygous recessive (pp), large patches of the organism’s fur are white. this condition is called piebaldism.
in a cross between two mice that are heterozygous for agouti, black, color, and piebaldism, what is the probability that offspring will have solid black fur along with large patches of white fur?

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we solve the problem using the hardy-wineberg equation.

let us start with the homozygous recessive proportion of individuals with sickle cell anaemia,

we have the proportion as q² = 0.25.

∴ q = 0.5 (frequency of hbs in population)

further,

solving for the frequency of normal cell by using the fact that,

p + q = 1

∴ p = 1 - 0.5 = 1 - 0.5 = 0.5

now we can calculate 2pq in p² + 2pq + q², which is the frequency for heterozygous carriers of sickle cell anaemia,

∴ 2pq = 2 x 0.5 x 0.5 = 0.5

and the homozygous normal cell individuals proportion is given by the expression,

∴ p² = 0.5² = 0.25

hence, the carriers for sickle cell anaemia are in proportion, 0.5, or 50%.