In the late 1960s, robert paine conducted landmark studies on diversity in the rocky intertidal zone, comparing the species diversity in control plots with diversity in experimental plots from which he removed the top predator, sea stars. after 5 years, 15 species of intertidal invertebrates lived in the control plots, while the experimental plots were dominated by only two species, one mussel and one barnacle. the process most likely responsible for the loss of species diversity in the experimental plots was: a. mutualism. b. predation. c. competitive exclusion. d. parasitism. e. resource partitioning.

C: competitive exclusion

Explanation:

The competitive exclusion principle states that organisms living in the same community while competing for the same resources cannot coexist at a constant population rate.

Once some of the species within the community get a slight competitive edge over other species, they become dominant and this might lead to the extinction of the weaker species in the long run.

In the experimental plot, the removal of sea stars provided mussel and barnacle with a competitive advantage over other species within the community (sea stars are predators of mussels and barnacles). This led to the dominance of mussel and barnacle and the eventual extinction of other species within the experimental plot as compared to the control plot.

The correct answer is C.

frogs. the lower the ph the higher the acid content. frogs have the highest tolerance in this scenario.

an individual’s sex (i.e., whether they are a male or female) is determined by the sex chromosomes. most people have two sex chromosomes, one that is inherited from their mother and one that is inherited from their father. typically, females have two x chromosomes (xx) and males have one x chromosome and one y chromosome (xy). conditions caused by changes (“mutations”) in genes located on the x chromosome are considered x-linked.

x-linked recessive inheritance

most x-linked conditions are recessive. this means that in a person with two x chromosomes (most females), both copies of a gene (i.e., one on each x chromosome) must have a change or mutation whereas in a person with one x chromosome (most males), only one copy of a gene must have a mutation. a female with a mutation in one copy of a gene on the x chromosome is said to be a “carrier” for an x-linked condition. a male with a mutation in a gene on the x chromosome is typically affected with the condition. because females have two copies of the x chromosome and males have only one x chromosome, x-linked recessive diseases are more common among males than females. however, x-linked recessive diseases can occur in both males and females.

for x-linked recessive disorders, an unaffected carrier mother who has a mutation in a gene on the x chromosome can transmit either the x chromosome with this mutation or a “normal” x chromosome to her children. if the father is unaffected, none of her daughters will be affected and all of her daughters will be unaffected—since they will inherit at least one normal x chromosome from their father. however, each daughter will have a 50% chance of being an unaffected carrier like her mother and a 50% chance of both x chromosomes being normal.