How does the alternative complement pathway kill the invading microbial cell?
choose one:
a. it destroys the proton motive force required for energy production.
b. it causes the oxidation of the microbe's membranes by producing superoxide ion.
c. it enhances the phagocytosis of the microbes by host cells.
d. it stimulates the production of neutrophil extracellular traps (nets), which trap the microbes and kill them with antimicrobial compounds.

Elephants in the savanna regions of africa dig holes in dried up river beds to reach water lying just below the surface. these holes provide drinking water for other animals as well. so, without the elephants, many animals might otherwise die from lack of water during the dry season. the location in which the elephants live is an example of a/n and the role they play in creating water holes is an example of a a) ecosystem; habitat b) community; niche c) habitat; niche d) niche; habitat

The mixture of sperm and fluids from the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and cowper's glands is called

Adistinctive characteristic of mammals that is not observed in other vertebrates is