Which of the following characteristics is (are) possessed in common by true mosses, ferns, and spike mosses, and therefore becomes useless at to determine to which of these groups flower of stone belongs?
1. a sporophyte generation that is dominant
2. true leaves and roots
3. flagellated sperm
4. alternation of generations

the principles and empirical processes of discovery and demonstration considered characteristic of or necessary for scientific investigation, generally involving the observation of phenomena, the formulation of a hypothesis concerning the phenomena, experimentation to test the hypothesis, and development of a conclusion that confirms, rejects, or modifies the hypothesis.

answer;

c. a tree whose roots are surrounded by wet sand.

explanation;

water stress is an important factor limiting the growth and productivity of forests.water stress is the most often cited cause of poor survival and growth of woody landscape plants.

-insufficient soil moisture is the most common form of water stress, but excess moisture that leads to poor soil aeration (hypoxia) can also result in reduced plant vitality. a tree whose roots are surrounded by wet sand would be least likely to experience water stress.