Which of the following sequences shows a frameshift mutation compared to the wild-type mrna sequence?
a) wild-type 5’-augcauacauuggaguga-3’ mutant 5’-augcaugugacauuggaguga-3’
b) wild-type 5’-augcauacauuggaguga-3’ mutant 5’-augcauacagaguga-3’
c) wild-type 5’-augcauacauuggaguga-3’ mutant 5’-augcauacguuggaguga-3’
d) wild-type 5’-augcauacauuggaguga-3’ mutant 5’-augcauacaucuggaguga-3’

D) wild-type 5’-AUGCAUACAUUGGAGUGA-3’ mutant 5’-AUGCAUACAUCUGGAGUGA-3’ is the right answer

Explanation:

frame shift mutation is that mutation in which change in nucleotide sequence ( deletion or insertion) changes the encoding amino acid sequences.

wild-type 5’-AUGCAUACAUUGGAGUGA-3 encode  MHTLE- protein sequence  while

5’-AUGCAUACAUCUGGAGUGA-3’ encode MHTSGV.

in this option there is clear difference between the encoding amino acid sequence

.in option A and B, there are addition and deletion of amino acids because of addition of nucleotide.

the answer that best describes the relative refractory period in the neuron is the resting membrane potential is restored, but concentrations of sodium and potassium are not restored to their original state.

the refractory period is the time during which another stimulus given to the neuron will not lead to a second potential. thus, because na+ channels are inactivated during this time, additional depolarizing stimuli do not lead to new action potentials.  

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