Most causes of speciation are relatively slow, in that they may take many generations to see changes, with the exception of
a) natural selection
b) reinforcement
c) colonization
d) polyploidy

in the year 2850, humans successfully colonized mars. the martian modules that were constructed could hold only a small population of people. it is now a century later, and the population on mars has grown to 600 people. of the current mars population, 45 people express the recessive phenotype for phenylketon- uria (pku) syndrome (pp genotype).

explanation: