During the light reactions of photosynthesis, energy is stored in the compounds atp and nadph. a second set of reactions uses this stored energy to produce vital compounds such as glucose. this second set of reactions involves a biochemical pathway called

The Calvin Cycle

Explanation: The Calvin cycle involves the reduction of carbon( in this case CO2) to carbohydrates. This process requires reduction power and chemical energy which is provided by NADPH and ATP respectively, both generated from the light reaction. Thus, it is the Calvin cycle that produces sugar but it can do so only with the help of NADPH and ATP. The metabolic steps of the Calvin cycle are sometimes referred to as “dark reaction” because none of the steps requires light directly. Nevertheless, the Calvin cycle in most plants occurs during daylight, for only then can the light reaction regenerate NADPH and ATP spent in the reduction of CO2 to sugar.

fertilization, pictured in figure 24.23a is the process in which gametes (an egg and sperm) fuse to form a zygote. the egg and sperm each contain one set of chromosomes. to ensure that the offspring has only one complete diploid set of chromosomes, only one sperm must fuse with one egg. in mammals, the egg is protected by a layer of extracellular matrix consisting mainly of glycoproteins called the zona pellucida. when a sperm binds to the zona pellucida, a series of biochemical events, called the acrosomal reactions, take place. in placental mammals, the acrosome contains digestive enzymes that initiate the degradation of the glycoprotein matrix protecting the egg and allowing the sperm plasma membrane to fuse with the egg plasma membrane, as illustrated in figure 24.23b. the fusion of these two membranes creates an opening through which the sperm nucleus is transferred into the ovum. the nuclear membranes of the egg and sperm break down and the two haploid genomes condense to form a diploid genome.

explanation:

regents of the university of california v. bakke, 438 u.s. 265 (1978), was a landmark decision by the supreme court of the united states. it upheld affirmative action, allowing race to be one of several factors in college admission policy.