We have come across several systems in which the effective concentration of one component is modified to overcome the normal effect of a concentration gradient. this is characteristic of all of the following systems except: a. glucose uptake into the cytoplasm b. use of g3p in glycolysis c. calcium control in sarcoplasmic reticulum d. binding of the srp to the rough endoplasmic reticulum e. the c4 mechanism in photosynthetic plants

2.. which of the following ions listed below is directly necessary for sarcomere contraction? a. na+ and mg++ ions b. ca+ and mg++ ions c. na+ and k+ ions d. na+ and ca++ ions e. ca+ and k+ ions

3.what kind of glycosylation occurs in the golgi? a. n-linked b. asparagine linkage c. d-linked d. o-linked e. glycosylation does not occur in golgi at all, only occurs in the er.

4.which of these choices about import proteins is true? a. import proteins bind their cargo in the nucleus, after which they are able to interact with the nuclear pore complex and pass through its channel b. interaction with ran-gtp inside the nucleus causes a conformational change in the importin that causes it to dissociate from its cargo c. the importin and ran-gtp complex translocates to the cytoplasm, where ranbp hold the complex together d. the hydrolysis of gtp to gdp occurs in the nucleus. e. the ran-gdp produced stays in the cytoplasm after binding with nutf2.