In nitrovian flyti, with biological systems identical to those of earth fruit flies, there is a phenotype, tofutti, in which the flyti are strictly vegetarian. if a true-breeding female (non-vegetarian) is mated with a vegetarian male, they produce 1000 f1 offspring in the following counts: 523 non-vegetarian female flyti; 477 non-vegetarian male flyti. in a reciprocal cross, the numbers of f1 offspring produced are: 502 non-vegetarian female flyti; 498 vegetarian male flyti. the most likely explanation for these results is:
a. the gene coding for tofutti is x-linked dominant.
b. the gene coding for tofutti is autosomal dominant and homozygous lethal.
c. the gene coding for tofutti is x-linked recessive.
d. there is insufficient information to answer this question.
e. the gene coding for tofutti is autosomal recessive and homozygous lethal.

C. The gene coding for Tofutti is X-linked recessive.

Explanation:

In first cross :

non vegetarian female X vegetarian male = The entire progeny is non vegetarian.

In second cross :

vegetarian female X non vegetarian male = all females are non vegetarian and all males are vegetarian

If the gene for this trait is X-linked recessive then the above results can be explained as follows :

First cross : XTXT X  XtY :

      XT      XT

Xt  XTXt  XTXt

Y   XTY    XTY

All males have dominant XT allele so they all will be non vegetarian. All females are heterozygous so they will also be non vegetarian.

Second cross : XtXt X XTY :

        Xt       Xt

XT  XTXt  XTXt

Y     XtY    XtY

All males have recessive Xt allele so they all will be vegetarian. All females have one dominant XT allele so they all will be non vegetarian.

answer;

c. a tree whose roots are surrounded by wet sand.

explanation;

water stress is an important factor limiting the growth and productivity of forests.water stress is the most often cited cause of poor survival and growth of woody landscape plants.

-insufficient soil moisture is the most common form of water stress, but excess moisture that leads to poor soil aeration (hypoxia) can also result in reduced plant vitality. a tree whose roots are surrounded by wet sand would be least likely to experience water stress.