Genetic engineering has many applications, including uses in the medical, agricultural, and environmental industries. describe one example of a genetic engineering application in each of these industries.

answer the prompt above using a constructed response using your own words. it is best practice to avoid the use of search engines, such as google, bing, etc. use only the information gathered during this course.

Medical uses: The field of genetic engineering is making progress rapidly and it has helped doctor's to fight many challenging diseases. One of the medical use of genetic engineering is the production of insulin by genetic engineering and also the production of vaccines through this technique.

Agricultural uses: The field of biotechnology can change the life of farmers once it is fully known that the genetically engineered crops cannot harm the humans. One of the uses of genetic engineering in agriculture is the production of crops containing increased nutrition. For example,Golden rice which carries vitamin A in it.

Environmental uses: Genetic engineering is used to clean the Earth by producing genetically engineered microorganisms which can not only break down waste but also can degrade plastics.

an individual’s sex (i.e., whether they are a male or female) is determined by the sex chromosomes. most people have two sex chromosomes, one that is inherited from their mother and one that is inherited from their father. typically, females have two x chromosomes (xx) and males have one x chromosome and one y chromosome (xy). conditions caused by changes (“mutations”) in genes located on the x chromosome are considered x-linked.

x-linked recessive inheritance

most x-linked conditions are recessive. this means that in a person with two x chromosomes (most females), both copies of a gene (i.e., one on each x chromosome) must have a change or mutation whereas in a person with one x chromosome (most males), only one copy of a gene must have a mutation. a female with a mutation in one copy of a gene on the x chromosome is said to be a “carrier” for an x-linked condition. a male with a mutation in a gene on the x chromosome is typically affected with the condition. because females have two copies of the x chromosome and males have only one x chromosome, x-linked recessive diseases are more common among males than females. however, x-linked recessive diseases can occur in both males and females.

for x-linked recessive disorders, an unaffected carrier mother who has a mutation in a gene on the x chromosome can transmit either the x chromosome with this mutation or a “normal” x chromosome to her children. if the father is unaffected, none of her daughters will be affected and all of her daughters will be unaffected—since they will inherit at least one normal x chromosome from their father. however, each daughter will have a 50% chance of being an unaffected carrier like her mother and a 50% chance of both x chromosomes being normal.