How does natural selection lead to evolution?
a. adapted traits cannot be passed to offspring.
b. every generation is a new species.
c. an organism always has the same traits as its parent.
d. many small changes can create a whole new species.
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Answer:

Option d. many small changes can create a whole new species

Explanation:

In the natural selection when the animals gets adapted in a better manner, they tends to thrive in and gets the ability to reproduce more which leads to the formation of the new bigger species. It leads to a change when the individual with few characteristic have the survival chance more also the reproductive rate as compared to others individuals in the group and also passes these inheritable genetic traits to the offspring.  

the most common type of reef is the fringing reef. this type of reef grows seaward directly from the shore. they form borders along the shoreline and surrounding islands.