How is plant cell cytokinesis different from animal cell cytokinesis?

a) the contractile filaments found in plant cells are structures composed of carbohydrates; the cleavage furrow in animal cells is composed of contractile phospholipids.
b) plant cells form a cell plate containing cell-wall building blocks; animal cells form a cleavage furrow.
c) the structural proteins of plant cells separate the two cells; in animal cells, a cell membrane separates the two daughter cells.
d) plant cells divide after metaphase but before anaphase; animal cells divide after anaphase.

B

Explanation:

Cytokinesis, which is the division of a cell's cytoplasmic content, is the final step of cell division. After which the genetic material of a cell duplicates, they move towards opposite directions in the cell. The cytoplasm of the original cell halves itself equally for the two resulting cells. Though both animal cells and plant cells go through cytokinesis, they undergo it differently due to the presence of cell wall in addition to the cell membrane in plant cells.

In plant cells, cytokinesis mainly involves the formation of a CELL PLATE at the equator of the parent cell that will soon divide into two. The cell plate, which is the future doubled cell wall that will become separated into two cells, divides the cytoplasm.

In animal cells, cytokinesis occurs in a more complex manner. A fissure called CLEAVAGE FURROW develops by the formation and contraction of the CONTRACTILE RING, which is present beneath the parental's cell membrane and made up of actin filaments. The created furrow grows deeper (as the actin ring contracts) between the two resulting cells until they meet the membrane and pinch off (inwardly), separating from one another. Hence, resulting in two separate daughter cells.

the answer that best describes the relative refractory period in the neuron is the resting membrane potential is restored, but concentrations of sodium and potassium are not restored to their original state.

the refractory period is the time during which another stimulus given to the neuron will not lead to a second potential. thus, because na+ channels are inactivated during this time, additional depolarizing stimuli do not lead to new action potentials.  

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true is the final answer!