Discuss how the human immune system responds to an initial pathogenic exposure and how this initial exposure can lead to a quicker response following a second exposure to the same pathogen.

Immediately, the pathogen has been recognized:

Macrophages acts as the first line of defence by engulfing pathogens identified by antigens which will now present the antibody shape to a helper T cell.

The Helper T cells produce a signal to plasma and Memory B cells to yield antibodies that attach to the antigens. The cytotoxic cells that leads to cell death are activated by the helper T cells.

Antibodies helps to immobilize pathogen for macrophage to feed on.

if the pathogen comes back a 2nd time the memory cells helps in quick and efficient recovery by producing the specific B and T cells for the antigen.

1: the largest region of the brain is the:

  cerebrum

2. the term "psychology" literally means:

the process or procedure of the science or study of the mind.

3. the area of the brain responsible for respiration, heart rate, and smooth muscle control of our blood vessels is t

medulla oblongata

4. the structure that conducts nerve impulses to and from the brain and serves as a reflex center for some sensory information without input from the brain is the:

spinal cord

5. the three-layered membrane that covers the brain and spinal cord and literally means membrane is called the:

meninges

6. the cord-like (string-like) structures that carry bio-electrical impulses from one part of the body to another are called

nerves

7. a group of nerve cell bodies that are found outside of the spinal cord and brain are referred to as:

ganglions or ganglia (pl.) “literal meaning knot”

8. the term that means spinal cord inflammation is:

myel/itis

any abiotic or biotic factor in an ecosystem that causes a population's size to slow or decrease is a limiting factor.