B-lactam-containing antibiotics

a. are much more effective against gram-negative than gram-positive bacteria.
b. interact with the ribosome to inhibit transcription.
c. are modified by most of their resistance genes.
d. interact with dna gyrase to inhibit replication.
e. are taken into the cell via sodium

Option-A

Explanation:

β-Lactam antibiotics are the antibiotics that contain β-Lactam rings in their structures like in cephalosporins and penicillin.

The antibiotics act by inhibiting or disrupting the process of cell wall formation in the bacteria which is mediated by an enzyme called penicillin-binding proteins.

To bind covalently to the PBP proteins, the antibiotic has to diffuse through the bacterial cell wall. since the gram-negative bacteria contain an additional lipopolysaccharide layer which decreases the penetration of the antibiotic, therefore, the gram-positive bacteria lacking the additional layer are more susceptible than gram-negative bacteria.

Thus, option-A is the correct answer.

chemical weathering

explanation:

a adaptation is when organism changes itself to fit the environment

ex. when its cold outside i wear a jacket

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