Your are a microbiologist. the owner of a restaurant hires you to examine a sample of preserved vegetables that appears to have spoiled in its can. the metal can only contains vegetables and water. it appears to have been sealed tightly, but the sides of the can have bulged. could bacteria in the can have survived the canning process and caused the sides to bulge?

Yes bacteria can survive if heating process is inadequate.

Explanation:

Most of the canned food is spoiled by thermophilic and mesophilic bacteria. These bacteria can survive the canning process if the can is inadequately heated. Most of them are able to produce gas which can cause bulging of can.

Clostridium species are mainly involved in the spoilage of canned food. C. thermosaccharolyticum is a thermophilic bacteria which spoil can food and evolve CO2 gas that cause bulging of can. Example of mesophilic bacteria that cause spoilage and swelling of can are C. botulinum, C. puterifaciens, etc.

Therefore thermophilic and mesophilic bacteria can survive the canning process if heat treatment and the temperature are not adequate.

1) gene flow

- it is described as the transfer of genes from one population to another population so that frequency of gene is increased.

-a zebra migrates to join a different herd of zebras.

2) natural selection

- a mechanism of evolutionary change in which individuals with advantageous traits survive and reproduce whereas the others ( those that can not adapt) eliminate from the population.

-competition for sunlight leads to taller trees.

3) mutation

- permanent change in the nucleotide sequence of dna ( genetic material) that could have harmful or useful consequences.

-the dna of a snake changes to make its venom stronger.

4) genetic drift - it is a random phenomenon ( that occurs by chance such as fire) that results in change in the gene frequency in a small population.    

-a grassfire randomly sweeps through a population of buffalo and kills most of the animals.

explanation:

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